The Science Behind LEDs – Part. 1: What is an LED? And What Makes it So Energy Efficient?
The Science Behind LEDs – Part 2: Benefits & Applications of LEDs
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction. LEDs produce 10X more light per watt than incandescent bulbs. Their efficiency is not affected by shape and size, unlike Fluorescent light bulbs or tubes. LEDs can have a relatively long productive life - reports estimate 35,000 to 50,000 hours of useful life.
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In this article we will focus on energy & money savings benefits of LEDs, as well as their ever-expanding applications. As of 2011, many LED lamps are available as replacements for the ordinary screw-in incandescent or compact fluorescent light bulbs. Of the many benefits of switch to LEDs, we discuss their: safety and toxicity, energy efficiency, and the durable construction, and widespread possibility for application.
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The logic behind the lighting provisions in the Energy Independence and Security Act is pretty forthright: Incandescents convert less than 10 percent of the energy sent into them into light, losing the rest as heat. More-efficient bulbs could save billions of dollars, reducing dependency on foreign oil, and particularly reduce greenhouse gases. Although still rather costly to produce, LEDs are becoming cheaper, just as Haitz’s law predicted, due to both technical developments and economies of scale.
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Photometry is the science of the measurement of light, in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. In this article we discuss the various terms used to measure these light wavelengths. You will learn about: lumens, candelas, footcandles and cutoffs.
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Photometric information is provided with each fixture to assist in the lighting layout. Different measurements used when creating lighting layouts are: beam spread, center beam candle power, cutoff, spacing criterion (sc), luminaire spacing, luminance, cone of light, beam aiming and accent.
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In a traditional bulb (incandescent, metal halide, etc.) a considerable portion of the light output is directed upwards. This light must then be reflected down. The quality of the reflector and, therefore, the amount of light reflected degrades over time. The actual amount of light coming out of a fixture is, thus, considerably lower. An LED light by contrast has a small profile, several sources of light ensuring better light distribution. All the light is produced and directed downwards. There are no problems of reflector effciency, aging of reflector coating and consequent loss in light output.
